The Thirty Years’ War and the Peace of Westphalia

Following Luther’s 97 Theses on October 31, 1517 an unstoppable series of events would result in not only the Reformation, but also the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648), ending with Peace at Westphalia of October 1648.

Two learned commentators on the topic bring slightly different yet important views of this watershed event.

Political ramifications underscored by the religious forces: The 30 Years’ War (1618-48) and the Second Defenestration of Prague – Professor Peter Wilson

Religious transformations driving the political reshuffling of Europe under the Holy Roman Empire: The Thirty Years’ War – Apostolic Majesty